Three-Dimensional Nanostructures for Photonics
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Author:
G. von Freymann, A. Ledermann, M. Thiel, I. Staude, S. Essig, K. Busch, and M. Wegener
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Source:
Adv. Funct. Mater. 20, 1038-1052 (2010)
- Date: 9.4.2010
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Abstract:
Recent progress in direct laser writing of three-dimensional (3D) polymer nanostructures for photonics is reviewed. This technology has reached a level of maturity at which it can be considered as the 3D analogue of planar electron-beam lithography. Combined with atomic-layer deposition and/or chemical-vapor deposition of dielectrics—the 3D analogues of planar evaporation technologies, the 3D polymer templates can be converted or inverted into 3D high-refractive-index-contrast nanostructures. Examples discussed in this review include positive and inverse 3D silicon-based woodpile photonic crystals possessing complete photonic bandgaps, novel optical resonator designs within these structures, 3D chiral photonic crystals for polarization-state manipulation, and 3D icosahedral photonic quasicrystals. The latter represent a particularly complex 3D nanostructure.
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